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The Fifth Framework Programme (FP5) set out the priorities for the European Union's research, technological development and demonstration (RTD) activities for the period 1998-2002. These priorities were selected on the basis of a set of common criteria reflecting the major concerns of increasing industrial competitiveness and the quality of life for European citizens. The FP5 had two distinct parts: the European Community (EC) framework programme covering research, technological development and demonstration activities; and the Euratom framework programme covering research and training activities in the nuclear sector. FP5 differed considerably from its predecessors. It was conceived to help solve problems and to respond to the major socio-economic challenges facing Europe. To maximise its impact, it focused on a limited number of research areas combining technological, industrial, economic, social and cultural aspects. Management procedures were also streamlined with an emphasis on simplifying procedures and systematically involving key players in research. To maintain and enhance, in the context of a genuine 'European research area', the research potential of European laboratories, universities and companies and their ability to produce knowledge of the highest level and high-quality technologies; and to help ensure that European research serves the Union's economic and social objectives: increasing industrial competitiveness and the quality of life for European citizens. FP5 had a simplified, multi-theme structure, consisting of seven 'Specific Programmes': four Thematic Programmes and three Horizontal Programmes. The Thematic Programmes, covering a series of specific problems were: - Quality of life and management of living resources (LIFE QUALITY); - User-friendly information society (IST); - Competitive and sustainable growth (GROWTH); - Energy, environment and sustainable development EESD).

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The programme facilitates collaboration and strengthens the impact of research and innovation in developing, supporting and implementing EU policies while tackling global challenges. It supports creating and better dispersing of excellent knowledge and technologies. It creates jobs, fully engages the EU’s talent pool, boosts economic growth, promotes industrial competitiveness and optimises investment impact within a strengthened European Research Area. Legal entities from the EU and associated countries can participate. New elements in Horizon Europe European Innovation Council: Support for innovations with potential breakthrough and disruptive nature with scale-up potential that may be too risky for private investors. This is 70% of the budget earmarked for SMEs. Missions: Sets of measures to achieve bold, inspirational and measurable goals within a set timeframe. There are 5 main mission areas as part of Horizon Europe. Open science policy: Mandatory open access to publications and open science principles are applied throughout the programme Factsheet: Open science in Horizon Europe New approach to partnerships: Objective-driven and more ambitious partnerships with industry in support of EU policy objectives. The EU’s key funding programme for research and innovation: ● Tackles climate change ● Helps to achieve the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals ● Boosts the EU’s competitiveness and growth ● Facilitates collaboration and strengthens the impact of research and innovation in developing, supporting and implementing EU policies while tackling global challenges ● Supports the creation and better diffusion of excellent knowledge and technologies ● Creates jobs, fully engages the EU’s talent pool, boosts economic growth, promotes industrial competitiveness and optimises investment impact within a strengthened European Research Area.

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