FundsNavigator.eu

PROGRAMS

Here we have listed all Programms for the criteria you have selected. Narrow down the selection further by using the filters in the area on the left.

Home PROGRAMS

Filters

Back to filters

Results For : PROGRAMS (131 )

Sort by:

NDICI 2027 GEO (4) NDICI 2027 THEMA (4) NDICI-EMERG2027 (0) NDICI-RR2027 (0)

NDICI 2027

Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument (NDICI | 2021-2027)

NDICI will bring a significant modernisation of the external dimension of the EU budget. It will inc ...

Calls:

0 Closed Calls
0 Open Calls
0 Further Calls

PR - PublicRelation cost

in funded projects are required to execute various Dissemination and Communication activities with the aim of extending the impact of the project. The Cost for Dissemination, Communication and Exploitation are PR-Cost.
external Experts

Any costs for external expertise and services provided by a public or private body or an individual outside of the beneficiary organisation belong in this cost category.
These rules also apply to costs for first level controllers where these are paid by the beneficiary. All external expertise and service payments must be made on the basis of contracts or similar written agreements and supported by invoices or requests for reimbursement linked to the tasks carried out.
Trainingscost

Here costs for further and advanced training are paid. Either as part of a project budget or directly by assuming these costs for training courses, further education or study visits.
Campaigns

Costs related to professional/vocational training and public awareness-raising campaigns may be eligible for CEB financing taking into account their objectives within the framework of the projects. Used in CEB-Projects.
administrative costs

Administrative expenses are costs incurred to support the functioning of a business, but which are not directly related to the production of a specific product or service.
Some level of administrative expenses will always be incurred as a necessary part of operations

EU Neighbour

southern and eastern neighbours of european union to promote peace, stability and economic
agriculture/food sector Organisation

A collection of all activities that facilitate the consumption and supply of food products and services across the world.
higher Education

Higher education is tertiary education leading to award of an academic degree. Higher education, also called post-secondary education, third-level or tertiary education, is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after completion of secondary education.
Education Institutions
national and european Authority
local and regional Authority

A local or egional authority is an organization that is officially responsible for all the public services and facilities in a particular area.
Local Community

A local community has been defined as a group of interacting people living in a common location.
Disadvantaged Youth

A disadvantaged Youth is defined as "an individual who is age 16 through 21 who received an income, or is a member of a family that received a total family income that, in relation to family size, does not exceed the higher of the poverty line, or 70 percent of the Lower Living Standard Income Level (LLSIL)."
Pupils

Students of all ages and all educational levels.
young People

Young people between the ages of 13 and 30.
Adults

People aged 18 and over
Trainee

A trainee in the German-speaking countries is a person who is undergoing vocational training. The training concludes with a journeyman's examination, skilled worker or with a final examination.
Professional

Is a collective name for people who have specialized in a specialist area and who, in contrast to the general public, have specialist knowledge.
Youthworker

A Youth worker is a person that works with young people to facilitate their personal, social and educational development through informal education,
and 29 more

public Administrations

A public administration, also called administrative, is the activity of the state or another local authority district of public administration that is neither legislation nor jurisdiction, nor carries out political government activities.

Sustainable Development

Sustainable development is an organizing principle for meeting human development goals while also sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services on which the economy and society depend.
AGRICULTURE

Agriculture and forests cover the vast majority of our territory and play a key role in the health of rural economies and the rural landscape.
Rural Development

A Rural Development Programme is an EU instrument through which EU member states can implement specific policies for rural areas such as, for example, measures to support investment and environmental sustainability through subsidised financing.
New Technologies

Emerging technologies are technologies whose development, practical applications, or both are still largely unrealized, such that they are figuratively emerging into prominence from a background of nonexistence or obscurity. These technologies are generally new but also include older technologies.
Infrastructure Investment

Infrastructure investments are a form of “real assets,” which contain physical assets we see in everyday life like bridges, roads, highways, sewage systems, or energy. Such a type of asset is quite crucial in a country's development.
Banking and financial Services

Banking and Financial Services means those banking and related financial services of a Banking Organization or subsidiary thereof, including but not limited to, checking and savings accounts, health savings accounts, money market accounts, loans, credit cards, cash management services, lines of credit, investment.
Jobs & Skills in the local Economy

At the EU level, measures to boost jobs and skills, youth employment and lifelong learning have been put forward. Within the partnership of the Urban Agenda for the EU on jobs and skills in the local economy, EU countries and the European Commission deal with economic performance and business development at the local level.
Higher Education

Higher education is tertiary education leading to award of an academic degree. Higher education, also called post-secondary education, third-level or tertiary education, is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after completion of secondary education.
Vocational Education

Vocational education is education that prepares people to work as a technician or to take up employment in a skilled craft or trade as a tradesperson or artisan.
Human Capital

Human capital is a concept used by social scientists to designate personal attributes considered useful in the production process. It encompasses employee knowledge, skills, know-how, good health, and education, to name a few.
Social Investment And Skills

Social investment is about investing in people. It means policies designed to strengthen people's skills and capacities and support them to participate fully in employment and social life. Key policy areas include education, quality childcare, healthcare, training, job-search assistance and rehabilitation.
Human Rights

Human rights are moral principles or norms for certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected in municipal and international law.
Economic Development

Economic Development is the creation of wealth from which community benefits are realized. It is more than a jobs program, it's an investment in growing your economy and enhancing the prosperity and quality of life for all residents. Economic development means different things to different people.
Strategic Partnerships

A strategic partnership is a relationship between two commercial enterprises, usually formalized by one or more business contracts. A strategic partnership will usually fall short of a legal partnership entity, agency, or corporate affiliate relationship.
and 56 more

ERASMUS HE 1988

Erasmus - Higher Education (ERA-HE | 1987-1988)

Calls:

0 Closed Calls
0 Open Calls
0 Further Calls

University

A University is a high-level educational institution in which students study for degrees and academic research is done.
higher Education

Higher education is tertiary education leading to award of an academic degree. Higher education, also called post-secondary education, third-level or tertiary education, is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after completion of secondary education.

ERA+ EDU 2027 (4) ERA+ YOUTH 2027 (3) EURYDICE II (0) ERA+-JMA-2021-MODULE (0)

ERASMUS+ 2027

ERASMUS+ (ERA+ | 2021-2027)

Erasmus+ is the EU's programme to support education, training, youth and sport in Europe. It is supp ...

Calls:

0 Closed Calls
0 Open Calls
0 Further Calls

SC - STAFF COST

CEB loans cannot cover staff costs (wages/salaries and other related benefits such as pension payments), financial charges and non-cash elements such as depreciation.
Such costs may however be considered eligible when they relate to project management or technical assistance required for project preparation and implementation.
MC - MATERIAL COST

All costs incurred in the course of production for raw materials, consumables and supplies are part of the material costs
PR - PublicRelation cost

in funded projects are required to execute various Dissemination and Communication activities with the aim of extending the impact of the project. The Cost for Dissemination, Communication and Exploitation are PR-Cost.
OH - OVERHEAD COST

Indirect costs are general administrative costs – overhead costs incurred in connection with the eligible direct costs of the action. They are often limited to a percent flat-rate of the total eligible direct costs for the action. Indirect costs are not eligible for an action where the beneficiary already receives an operating grant from the EU budget during the period in question.
Management Cost

Management costs are personnel costs for internal personnel who do not work professionally, but carry out project management or the fees for external experts who also work in project management.
TC - TRAVEL COST

This budget category covers the travel costs and related subsistence allowances (including all related duties, taxes and charges that the beneficiary has paid, if including them is part of the usual practices for travel, e.g. non-deductible VAT) spent for the action.

Travel and subsistence costs relate to the personnel of the beneficiaries. They may also often relate to experts that participate in the action on an ad hoc basis.
external Experts

Any costs for external expertise and services provided by a public or private body or an individual outside of the beneficiary organisation belong in this cost category.
These rules also apply to costs for first level controllers where these are paid by the beneficiary. All external expertise and service payments must be made on the basis of contracts or similar written agreements and supported by invoices or requests for reimbursement linked to the tasks carried out.
Exquipment

in Horizon Europe: What? This budget category covers the depreciation costs of equipment, infrastructure or other assets used for the action. In some cases (e.g. infrastructure), equipment costs may also include the costs necessary to ensure that the asset is in good condition for its intended use (e.g. site preparation, delivery and handling, installation, etc.). What not? If the beneficiary’s usual practice is to consider durable equipment costs (or some of them) as indirect costs, these can NOT be declared as direct costs, but are covered by the 25 % flat rate for indirect costs (see Article 6.2.E). Any depreciation declared as a direct cost under a H2020 action must be a direct cost under the beneficiary’s cost accounting practices (see Article 6.2.)
Preparation cost

Preparation costs are mostly the planning costs from the preliminary phase of the project, which are (partially in some funding instruments like INTERREG B) reimbursed retrospectively and mostly with a lump sum if the project is successful.
living expenses

cover the cost for living expenses during a visit or study for individual person, most as lump sum per month (stipendium).
Surveys

The preparatory surveys or studies (technical, economic or commercial, engineering, environmental and social impact assessment and management plans) the technical supervision of the project and other project related professional services.
Campaigns

Costs related to professional/vocational training and public awareness-raising campaigns may be eligible for CEB financing taking into account their objectives within the framework of the projects. Used in CEB-Projects.
VAT

Non-deductible and non-refundable VAT and other tax-related costs non-deductible and non-refundable can be considered as eligible costs. A value-added tax, known in some countries as a goods and services tax, is a type of tax that is assessed incrementally. It is levied on the price of a product or service at each stage of production, distribution, or sale to the end consumer.
OTHER COST

This includes other costs that cannot be directly subordinated to the main categories of normal project costs. This budget category covers consumables, conferences and seminars, publications and dissemination, translation and other costs not covered in the previous categories. The costs of consumables and supplies are eligible — if they are exclusively used for the project and identifiable as such in your accounts and if the purchasing rules were complied with (best value for money).
and 1 more

Apprentice / Trainee

a person who is learning a trade from a skilled employer, having agreed to work for a fixed period at low wages.
higher Education

Higher education is tertiary education leading to award of an academic degree. Higher education, also called post-secondary education, third-level or tertiary education, is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after completion of secondary education.
young People

Young people between the ages of 13 and 30.
Adults

People aged 18 and over
Researcher
Trainee

A trainee in the German-speaking countries is a person who is undergoing vocational training. The training concludes with a journeyman's examination, skilled worker or with a final examination.
Youthworker

A Youth worker is a person that works with young people to facilitate their personal, social and educational development through informal education,
Learner

a person who is learning a subject or skill
Teacher

a person who teaches, especially in a school.
Citizen

Citizens are citizens of a state or a municipality. In the sense of constitutional law, nationals are "citizens"; at the municipal level, the "residents or residents" of a city or municipality are usually meant.
Student

A student is a person who is enrolled in an institution of the tertiary education sector and receives an academic training there or is undergoing further education at a university.
Entrepreneur

a person who attempts to make a profit by starting a company or by operating alone in the business world
vocational Student

Pupil who goes to vocational school
School pupil

The pupils of a school are the children who go to it
and 55 more

Highschool

University is the generic term for institutions in the tertiary education sector. A distinction is made between universities and equivalent universities, these are universities with the right to award doctorates and postdoctoral degrees (DE).
University

A University is a high-level educational institution in which students study for degrees and academic research is done.
Educational Institution

An educational institution is an institution that either has an original educational mandate in accordance with a state or local ordinance or is awarded an indirect educational mandate.
NGO - Non-governmental organization

A non-governmental organization or a non-governmental organization is a civil society-led interest group that is not legitimized by a public mandate. ‘NGO’ stands for non-governmental organisation. It is a useful shorthand term used to refer to a rangeof different organisations that typically share the following characteristics: They are not created to generate profit.
Association

The association refers to a voluntary and long-term association of natural and / or legal persons for the purpose of a specific purpose, which is independent of the change of its members.
Environmental Organization

Environmental organizations are associations that are committed to protecting the environment in general, or dedicate them to special sub-areas or groups of organisms.
Environmental Authority

Environmentally relevant activities require an environmental authority (EA) (under the Environmental Protection Act 1994) to be issued before any activity can begin. An EA imposes conditions to reduce or avoid potential environmental impacts.
Professional Association

A group of people who work together in a single organization for a particular purpose.
Business Association

A business association is an organization founded and funded by businesses that operate in a specific industry.
Labor Union

An organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests; a trade union.
Platform

A raised level surface on which people or things can stand.
Cooperation

Cooperation is the process of groups of organisms working or acting together for common, mutual, or some underlying benefit, as opposed to working in competition for selfish benefit.
International Organisation

An international organization or intergovernmental organization is, in the sense of international law, an amalgamation of at least two states or other subjects of international law that is permanent, usually operates across national borders and fulfills supranational tasks. An essential feature of such an organization is that it has at least one body through which it acts.
Business support Organisation

Business support organizations are nonprofit, public and for-profit resource organizations that serve local businesses and support their growth and success. BSOs help client companies connect to talent, find co-working space, and test and validate business ideas.
and 65 more

COVID 19

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Most people infected with the virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. However, anyone can get sick with COVID-19 and become seriously ill or die at any age.
Post-COVID19-Crisis

Post COVID-19 condition, also known as “long COVID,” refers collectively to the constellation of long-term symptoms that some people experience after they have had COVID-19. People who experience post COVID-19 condition sometimes refer to themselves as “long-haulers.”
learning mobility of individuals

Learning mobility is a powerful learning experience, where an individual moves from his/her everyday context, and has to open up and adapt. It is a great way to develop social, intercultural and interpersonal competences for life, and to promote a sense of common European belonging.
EDUCATION

Education is a purposeful activity directed at achieving certain aims, such as transmitting knowledge or fostering skills and character traits. These aims may include the development of understanding, rationality, kindness, and honesty.
eLearning

Learning conducted via electronic media, typically on the internet.
Digital Education

Digital education is the innovative use of digital tools and technologies during teaching and learning, and is often referred to as Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) or e-Learning.
Adult Education

Adult education, distinct from child education, is a practice in which adults engage in systematic and sustained self-educating activities in order to gain new forms of knowledge, skills, attitudes, or values. Wikipedia
Lifelong Learning

Lifelong learning is the "ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated" pursuit of knowledge for either personal or professional reasons. It is important for an individual's competitiveness and employability, but also enhances social inclusion, active citizenship, and personal development.
Jobs & Skills in the local Economy

At the EU level, measures to boost jobs and skills, youth employment and lifelong learning have been put forward. Within the partnership of the Urban Agenda for the EU on jobs and skills in the local economy, EU countries and the European Commission deal with economic performance and business development at the local level.
cooperation for innovation and good practices

This topic bring positive and long-lasting effects on the participating organisations, on the policy systems in which such Actions are framed as well as on the organisations and persons directly or indirectly involved in the organised activities.
Mobility project (Youth Exchanges)

Youth exchanges allow groups of young people from different countries to meet, live together and work on shared projects for short periods.
Higher Education

Higher education is tertiary education leading to award of an academic degree. Higher education, also called post-secondary education, third-level or tertiary education, is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after completion of secondary education.
Training

Training is teaching, or developing in oneself or others, any skills and knowledge or fitness that relate to specific useful competencies. Training has specific goals of improving one's capability, capacity, productivity and performance.
Youth Work

Youth work is community support activity aimed at older children and adolescents. Depending upon the culture and the community, different services and institutions may exist for this purpose.
and 54 more

REGIOSTARS 2027

REGIOSTARS awards have become Europe´s label of excellence for EU-funded projects, which demonstrate ...

Calls:

0 Closed Calls
0 Open Calls
0 Further Calls

CERV-CITIZENS-TT (0) CERV CEP 2027 (0) CERV DAPHNE 2027 (0) CERV ERGE 2027 (0) CERV UV 2027 (0) CERV-2022-CHILD (0)

CERV 2027

Citizens, Equality, Rights and Values (CERV | 2021-2027)

CERV stands for “Citizens, Equality, Rights and Values” and will be the biggest- ...

Calls:

0 Closed Calls
0 Open Calls
0 Further Calls

SC - STAFF COST

CEB loans cannot cover staff costs (wages/salaries and other related benefits such as pension payments), financial charges and non-cash elements such as depreciation.
Such costs may however be considered eligible when they relate to project management or technical assistance required for project preparation and implementation.
MC - MATERIAL COST

All costs incurred in the course of production for raw materials, consumables and supplies are part of the material costs
PR - PublicRelation cost

in funded projects are required to execute various Dissemination and Communication activities with the aim of extending the impact of the project. The Cost for Dissemination, Communication and Exploitation are PR-Cost.
OH - OVERHEAD COST

Indirect costs are general administrative costs – overhead costs incurred in connection with the eligible direct costs of the action. They are often limited to a percent flat-rate of the total eligible direct costs for the action. Indirect costs are not eligible for an action where the beneficiary already receives an operating grant from the EU budget during the period in question.
Management Cost

Management costs are personnel costs for internal personnel who do not work professionally, but carry out project management or the fees for external experts who also work in project management.
TC - TRAVEL COST

This budget category covers the travel costs and related subsistence allowances (including all related duties, taxes and charges that the beneficiary has paid, if including them is part of the usual practices for travel, e.g. non-deductible VAT) spent for the action.

Travel and subsistence costs relate to the personnel of the beneficiaries. They may also often relate to experts that participate in the action on an ad hoc basis.
external Experts

Any costs for external expertise and services provided by a public or private body or an individual outside of the beneficiary organisation belong in this cost category.
These rules also apply to costs for first level controllers where these are paid by the beneficiary. All external expertise and service payments must be made on the basis of contracts or similar written agreements and supported by invoices or requests for reimbursement linked to the tasks carried out.
Exquipment

in Horizon Europe: What? This budget category covers the depreciation costs of equipment, infrastructure or other assets used for the action. In some cases (e.g. infrastructure), equipment costs may also include the costs necessary to ensure that the asset is in good condition for its intended use (e.g. site preparation, delivery and handling, installation, etc.). What not? If the beneficiary’s usual practice is to consider durable equipment costs (or some of them) as indirect costs, these can NOT be declared as direct costs, but are covered by the 25 % flat rate for indirect costs (see Article 6.2.E). Any depreciation declared as a direct cost under a H2020 action must be a direct cost under the beneficiary’s cost accounting practices (see Article 6.2.)
Trainingscost

Here costs for further and advanced training are paid. Either as part of a project budget or directly by assuming these costs for training courses, further education or study visits.
Sustainability

The maintenance of the viability and sustainability of the public services; including certain categories of recurrent costs to be determined during project duration.
Campaigns

Costs related to professional/vocational training and public awareness-raising campaigns may be eligible for CEB financing taking into account their objectives within the framework of the projects. Used in CEB-Projects.
VAT

Non-deductible and non-refundable VAT and other tax-related costs non-deductible and non-refundable can be considered as eligible costs. A value-added tax, known in some countries as a goods and services tax, is a type of tax that is assessed incrementally. It is levied on the price of a product or service at each stage of production, distribution, or sale to the end consumer.
administrative costs

Administrative expenses are costs incurred to support the functioning of a business, but which are not directly related to the production of a specific product or service.
Some level of administrative expenses will always be incurred as a necessary part of operations

young People

Young people between the ages of 13 and 30.
Childs
Pupils

Students of all ages and all educational levels.
Adults

People aged 18 and over
Stakeholder

A stakeholder is a person or group who has a legitimate interest in the progress or result of a process or project.
Policymaker

A politician is a person who holds a political office or mandate or is otherwise politically active. Politicians are usually a member of a party.
public Facilities

A public institution is an organization that is maintained in the public interest and is made accessible to residents by means of an official dedication, and through which the municipality, as the responsible body, exercises official and technical supervi
Trainee

A trainee in the German-speaking countries is a person who is undergoing vocational training. The training concludes with a journeyman's examination, skilled worker or with a final examination.
Volunteer

a person who works for an organization without being paid.
Youthworker

A Youth worker is a person that works with young people to facilitate their personal, social and educational development through informal education,
Learner

a person who is learning a subject or skill
Teacher

a person who teaches, especially in a school.
Handicap People

Someone who is handicapped has a physical or mental disability that prevents them living a totally normal life. Many people who have a disability find this word offensive.
Citizen

Citizens are citizens of a state or a municipality. In the sense of constitutional law, nationals are "citizens"; at the municipal level, the "residents or residents" of a city or municipality are usually meant.
and 72 more

European Citizens

Being a European Citizen means that, as long as you stay within the borders of the Union, you are never “illegal” and you can work and live abroad, and are always protected by the diplomatic and consular authorities in another twenty-seven countries, excluding your homeland.
NGO - Non-governmental organization

A non-governmental organization or a non-governmental organization is a civil society-led interest group that is not legitimized by a public mandate. ‘NGO’ stands for non-governmental organisation. It is a useful shorthand term used to refer to a rangeof different organisations that typically share the following characteristics: They are not created to generate profit.
Private Company

A company whose shares may not be offered to the public for sale and which operates under legal requirements less strict than those for a public company.
Civil Society Organisation (CSO)

A civil society organization (CSO) is a group of people that operates in the community in a way that is distinct from both government and business.
Highschool

University is the generic term for institutions in the tertiary education sector. A distinction is made between universities and equivalent universities, these are universities with the right to award doctorates and postdoctoral degrees (DE).
University

A University is a high-level educational institution in which students study for degrees and academic research is done.
Authority

Authority is a public body that performs public administration tasks that are assigned to it by substantive laws. Authorities can give up doing, tolerating or refraining from doing things or providing services.
Company

A company is an economically independent organizational unit that takes market and capital risks with the help of planning and decision-making tools.
Educational Institution

An educational institution is an institution that either has an original educational mandate in accordance with a state or local ordinance or is awarded an indirect educational mandate.
Ministery

A ministry is a supreme authority in a state or country. It is regularly headed by a government minister. A ministry manages money, but sometimes acts as an applicant or project partner.
public Administrations

A public administration, also called administrative, is the activity of the state or another local authority district of public administration that is neither legislation nor jurisdiction, nor carries out political government activities.
SMEs - small and medium-sized enterprises (between 10 and 249 employees)

Small businesses, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are defined in EU Recommendation 2003/361, if it has no more than 249 employees, an annual turnover of max. generated € 50 million or total assets of max. has 43 million.
Association

The association refers to a voluntary and long-term association of natural and / or legal persons for the purpose of a specific purpose, which is independent of the change of its members.
Environmental Organization

Environmental organizations are associations that are committed to protecting the environment in general, or dedicate them to special sub-areas or groups of organisms.
and 72 more

Fundamental Rights

Fundamental rights are a group of rights that have been recognized by a high degree of protection from encroachment. These rights are specifically identified in a constitution, or have been found under due process of law.
Disability

A disability is any condition of the body or mind (impairment) that makes it more difficult for the person with the condition to do certain activities (activity limitation) and interact with the world around them (participation restrictions).
Awareness-raising

Awareness raising is a two-way street, fostering communication and information exchange in order to improve mutual understanding as well as mobilising communities and the whole society to bring about the necessary change in attitudes and behaviour.
Demographic Change and Immigration

Demographic transitions shape current migration patterns and are likely to influence the future nature of migration.
Safety

Safety is the state of being "safe", the condition of being protected from harm or other danger. Safety can also refer to the control of recognized hazards in order to achieve an acceptable level of risk
Migration

Human migration involves the movement of people from one place to another with intentions of settling, permanently or temporarily, at a new location.
Citizenship

Citizenship is a relationship between an individual and a state to which the individual owes allegiance and in turn is entitled to its protection. Each state determines the conditions under which it will recognize persons as its citizens, and the conditions under which that status will be withdrawn.
Gender Equality

Gender equality, also known as sexual equality or equality of the sexes, is the state of equal ease of access to resources and opportunities regardless of gender, including economic participation and decision-making; and the state of valuing different behaviors, aspirations and needs equally, regardless of gender.
Civil Protection

The term "civil protection" refers to all emergency management tasks and measures taken by federal, state and local governments.
disadvantaged People

In common usage "the disadvantaged" is a generic term for those "from lower-income backgrounds" or "the Disadvantaged Poor".
Populism and extreme thinkings

Populism refers to a range of political stances that emphasize the idea of "the people" and often juxtapose this group against "the elite".
Democracy

Democracy is a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation, or to choose governing officials to do so.
Protection

The action of protecting, or the state of being protected.
Policymaking

The process of formulating policies, especially in politics.
and 7 more